Fields of Application
These are homeopathic complexes, which are indicated for synergy
of the various pro-allergic substances, in type I immunoreactions
(allergic rhinitis and asthma, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, gastro-intestinal allergies).
Medical Facts
Recombinant IL-4. It is a glycoprotein synthesized by TH2, with the function of stimulating the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Pathogenetic rationale: on B cells it induces the production of IgE, excluding the other immunoglobulin isoforms. The cytokine, therefore, intervenes in the pathogenetic mechanisms of allergies, even when the allergens are massively freed from parasites in the intestinal lumen. It also induces the synthesis of 15-lipoxygenase, whose enzymatic activity causes the peroxidation of lipids and, therefore, the transformation of low-density lipoproteins into the atherogenic form. Pathogenetic rationale: IL-4 has been linked with allergic phenomena and with all conditions in which an increase in IgE is highlighted (for example, in intestinal parasites). Therapeutic rationale: structural similarity in allergies (AL-1 and AL-2 formulas). Recombinant IL-8. It is produced by numerous cells, including endothelial, epithelial, synovial, alveolar type II, retinal pigmented, hepatocytes and macrophages. Pathogenetic rationale: it stimulates the proliferation and degranulation of neutrophils (release of lactoferrin) and basophils (release of histamine). It also induces chemotaxis, fever and hyperalgesia. Therapeutic rationale: structural similarity in allergies (AL-1 and AL-2 formulas). Recombinant PAF. Platelet activating factor is produced by numerous cell types (mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, NKs, fibroblasts, macrophages, monocytes and endothelial cells), as a derivative of membrane phospholipids. Pathogenetic rationale: among its functions we must remember: activation and aggregation of platelets, chemotaxis and release of the granules contained in neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes, stimulation of prostaglandin production, NK activation at picomolar concentrations and their inhibition for higher concentrations. The in vivo experimentation highlights: bronchospasm, alveolar edema, infiltration of eosinophils and basophils in the lungs, hypotension. Therapeutic rationale: structural similarity in allergies (AL-1 and AL-2 formulas). Recombinant substance P. Substance P belongs to the tachykinin family, that is a group of peptides with neurotransmission action, mainly located in the extrapyramidal neurons of the substantia nigra and in the descendant fibers of raphe magnus. Substance P, in particular, transmits painful stimuli of an inflammatory type, in type C unmyelinated fibers. These fibers show a slow conduction, for dull, burning and non-localized pains, of an inflammatory type, with afferents to the skin and visceral organs . The neuropeptide also plays an important role in traumatic pain (excruciating and localized), when an inflammatory stimulus is superimposed. Pathogenetic rationale: finally, it stimulates mast cells, especially cutaneous, with the release of considerable quantities of histamine, which amplify the allergic reaction, if present. Therapeutic rationale: structural similarity in allergies (AL-1 and AL-2 formulas). Anti-CD23. It is the low affinity receptor for the Fc fraction of IgE (also called, therefore, FCRII). Unlike the high affinity receptor (FCRI), which is expressed only on basophils and mast cells, CD23 is also expressed on many other cells and therefore intervenes in the underlying allergic phenomena, ie in cases of "allergic state", a condition in which the symptoms either do not respond to common therapies, or are continuous. Pathogenetic rationale: the widespread diffusion of this receptor can be identified, therefore, with a state of perennial allergy, linked to a continuous degranulation of basophils), which exacerbates when a triggering condition occurs, such as a greater quantity of allergens in the environment or even viral forms (such as rhinoviruses). Therapeutic rationale: pathogenetic similarity in allergies (formulas AL-1 and AL-2). Anti-IgE. The degranulation of basophils and mast cells allows the release of the chemical mediators involved in type 1 allergic immunoreactions. Once formed, the allergen / IgE / FcR complex determines the movement signal of the granules towards the cytoplasmic membrane, which content will then be poured out. Among the substances capable of experimentally causing the degranulation of basophils we must mention anti-IgE antibodies. Pathogenetic rationale: anti-IgE reproduce the internal image of the antigen and, therefore, stimulate allergic manifestations that are completely superimposable to that induced by the latter. Therapeutic rationale: molecular similarity (internal image of allergens), in allergies (formulas AL-1 and AL-2).
Bibliography
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